Osteochondrosis is a pathological process that first leads to dystrophic and structural diseases in the intervertebral discs and then in the vertebrae itself, the spine nerves, the muscles, blood vessels and in the inner organs nearby.
It can hit all parts of the spine - cervix, chest, lumbar and sacral.The cervical osteochondrosis is a very common phenomenon, and in terms of frequency, it is only inferior to the lumbar osteochondrosis.
Osteochondrosis in the cervix region is pursuing the stadium.Like any other pathology without proper treatment, progress.Functional and structural changes in the bone and cartilage fabric are becoming increasingly pronounced, which leads to complicated forms of disease with sensitivity and restriction of movements.
Steps and degrees
A total of 4 stadiums (degrees) of the osteochondrosis of the cervix region are differentiated.At the same time, the concepts of "degrees" and "stage" are very often confused.Although they think about the same, they are not entirely identical.The stage shows structural disorders in the cervical spine in nearby organs and tissues.And means symptoms of osteochondrosis and patient complaints due to the degree.In the case of osteochondrosis of the cervix region, the clinical signs are 1. degree minimal, but can be completely missing.The patient complained about weakly expressed pain in the neck (cervical) and increases when the head is turned.A local voltage of the cervical muscles has been determined during the examination.
Osteochondrosis of the cervix region of the 2nd degree is accompanied by disogenous radiculitis.As a result of further degenerative-dystrophic changes in the core and the fibrous capsule of the intervertebral disc, the height of the gap between the cervical vertebrae decreases.As a result, the roots of the cervical spine are violated.The patients are concerned about dot pain, intensify with curves and tipping the head.Pain syndrome can go beyond the cervix region and be accompanied by general weakness, which reduces performance.
As a result of further pathological processes that lead to the shifting and destruction of the intervertebral discs, disk hernia are formed in the neck region.The pain and the feeling of general weakness intensify, sensitive and motor diseases in the area of the affected segment.The osteochondrosis of the cervix region of the 3rd degree develops.
In the future, the 4th degree of the destroyed intervertebral disc will be replaced by the osteochondrosis of the cervix region by fibrous connective tissue.Due to the involvement of the vertebral artery in the pathological pain process with sensitive and motor disorders, brain disorders combine, impaired the coordination and the feeling of ringing in the ears.
etiology
Before we talk about the causes or etiological factors of the cervical osteochondrosis, some anatomical and physiological features of this spine should be clarified.
These functions are as follows:
- The neck is a mobile structure while borders on a relatively static thoracic spine.
- Cervical vertebrae 7 and segments 8. The "excess" segment appears on the basis of the Atlantois act.
- The cervical vertebrae have an anatomically different structure, which is attributed to the example of the first two cervical vertebrae, Atlanta and axis.
- Vital communication fun in the neck - trachea, esophagus, large vessels, including the vertebral artery that supplies the brain.
Etiological factors that lead to pathological changes in the cervix region, whereby the subsequent transition to the cervix osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree is as follows:
- Sitting lifestyle;
- Irrational nutrition with a lack of trace elements and vitamins;
- Constant violation of the attitude of school children, students, office workers;
- Frequent hypothermia, undesirable microclimate of the house and in production;
- Endocrine disorders;
- Weak immunity;
- Inheritance.
Symptoms
Symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervix region of the 2nd degree also include the tension of the neck and spine muscles.The pain in the neck (cervicalgia) with a certain degree of osteochondrosis can either be shown or buried and spread over the neck to other anatomical areas - the back and shoulder strap.Due to the shortening of the band shell gaps, muscles and ligaments Said.The effect of the muscle frame weakens and is formed by subluxation of the cervix area, with the disc shifting in one or the other direction.At the same time, the pain can be sharp and strong after turning the head or extension of the neck.
In addition to pain, as already mentioned, the tension of the cervical and spine muscles is determined.Due to the fact that the cervical vertebrae are not moved from behind, but to the side, such a stress in nature is most common asymmetrical and leads to an impairment of the posture.The impairment of the attitude in turn leads to a further deterioration in the metabolic processes in the cervix region.All conditions are created for the transition of osteochondrosis to the 3rd stage.
The vertebral artery is not yet affected in 2 stages of the cervix.Nevertheless, the patients at this stage also complain about pain and muscle tension about a feeling of weakness, quick tiredness and collapse.Sleep disorders are possible due to pain.
Types of treatment
The treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervix region of the 2nd degree includes:
- Medical therapy,
- Physiotherapeutic methods,
- Therapeutic gymnastics,
- Massage,
- Manual therapy.
Drug treatmentIt aims to eliminate cervix, inflammation in the roots of the cervix segments and the normalization of metabolic processes in the neck panes.Anesthesia is achieved by an oral taking of painkillers.However, this is the most ineffective way to eliminate pain.In this regard, intramuscular injections are more effective.With severe pain you can wear a special Chantsa collar.
anesthesiaIt can be achieved by eliminating the inflammatory process in cervical roots.In this regard, non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are used in various drug shapes, ointments, injections and compresses.In this regard, injections, ointments are very effective.Steroid hormones contain a good anti -inflammatory effect.
In order to restore the affected cartilage, it is recommended to receive chondroprotectors.For the same purpose, the use of vitamin mineral complexes, the vitamins of group B, C, E contain together with zinc, is shown.Although brain disorders did not occur in the 2nd stage of cervical osteochondrosis, the use of neuroprotectors is not superfluous.
Physiotherapeutic methodsWith cervical osteochondrosis, every degree should reduce pain and inflammation and improve local blood flow.For this purpose, phonophoresis, laser and magnetic resonance therapy and ultrasound treatment are used.Physiotherapeutic methods are contraindicated by the period of exacerbation of the osteochondrosis.
massageWith osteochondrosis, it is also carried out in an interend period.Massage procedures are carried out in the position of the patient, which sits or lies on the side.At the same time, the massage therapist is with smooth movements in the direction of the head up to the neck kneading, stroking and tearing tense muscles.Then the muscles of the back, neck, the chest are massaged.In this case, Self massage with the Kuznetsov Applicator is possible.It is a needle roller with plastic tips.It is enough to put this roller around your neck for half an hour every day - an hour and the result will not come long.
Medical physical educationIt is intended to consolidate the effect of the above -mentioned treatment methods of osteochondrosis of the neck.At the same time, optimal loads for different muscle groups are generated, which leads to strengthening the muscles and eliminating the spine.The manual therapy for osteochondrosis of the neck should be carried out with great caution.Due to the high risk of injuries to the cervical spine, it is not only associated with great risk for health, but also for the life of the patient.
Prevention measures
The prevention of the cervix osteochondrosis is intended to eliminate the causes of this disease and prevent the transition from stage 2 out of 3.
In this regard, the following requirements should be observed:
- Active lifestyle;
- Full nutrition;
- Normal conditions in everyday life and in production without designs and hypothermia;
- Correct attitude with "sitting" work and study;
- Hardening, sport;
- Treatment of simultaneous chronic diseases;
- At the first signs of osteochondrosis - a timely visit to the doctor.